Hello Guys It’s Sports Day

I feel it an incredible joy to partake as Chief Guest in the twentieth Annual-cum-Sports Day of Akal Academy Baru Sahib here today. Today’s world is exceptionally serious. Simple training won't do the trick. Instruction joined with great, moral character and information with capability in sports and extra curricular exercises is important. Training touches off the psyches of youth and it ought to be information based and ought to arouse the intuition procedure in the adolescent. Instructing increasingly more rustic youth is basic. It should come to the unreached. Subjective improvement in training fit to the changing situation is warranted.Education is a nonstop procedure and starts directly from adolescence and step by step makes one a pioneer. It is he instructor who sustains great direct and character among understudies. Genuine training molds the young into helpful residents of tomorrow. Instilling order and virtues in the understudies are essential. The burdensome duty of forming the adolescent rests with the instructors. The educators should remain as good examples for the understudies. The educators resemble Gurus and are close to God. The Gurukul type of instruction was pervasive in before days.There were part of limitations on understudies and exacting order was kept up. The Gurus were most importantly in the general public and they got extraordinary regard. Presently the private schools give different roads to learning. All subjects are instructed and understudies are engaged with different extra curricular exercises too. Sports is diversion and the delight of support, creating abilities, normal practice and difficult work that makes one to exceed expectations in sports. Taking to extra curricular exercises is an absolute necessity for understudies. It encourages one to grow great physical make-up, lessens pressure and builds up the nature of group spirit.Learning fearlessness, objective setting and time the board are the fundamental for a game s individual. Focus on sports. Thorough practice and devotion will assist you with winning shrubs to your foundation, state and the country. The physical instruction educators and the instructive foundations should accept it as their bounden obligation to recognize abilities from the understudies and put them to uncommon training. Beginning of selective games schools as in US and UK ought to likewise be thought of. I am certain that by beginning games schools, we can deliver numerous capable sportspersons, who can contend at the worldwide level and in Olympics.I am certain that the Kalgidhar Trust/Society would figure intends to additionally improve sports in this complex. I praise all the understudies who have won prizes in different occasions. Sant Attar Singh Ji and Sant Teja Singh Ji were both very committed people. Sant Attar Singh established numerous instructive foundations in rustic zones in Punjab and furthermore Akal College, Mastuana. He sent Sant Teja Singh to remote nat ions for advanced education and learning and in the wake of returning he committed his life for granting quality instruction to the penniless. This establishment was additionally begun by their wishes.My mother disclosed to me that Sant Ji used to perform Kirtan in a noisy voice, which could be heard a large portion of a mile away as there were no uproarious speakers back then. He was welcome to establish the framework of the Hindu University, Banaras by Pandit Madan Mohan Malavia. This spot is honored by such extraordinary holy people and that is the reason the Baru Sahib Academy, which was begun in 1986 with only 5 understudies, presently has quality of 23,000 understudies concentrating in its 22 CBSE subsidiary Secondary schools. I salute the Akal Academies set up by The Kalgidhar Trust for yeoman administration to the general public and to the spread of education.It is cheering to take note of that the Kalgidhar Trust and the Society are working with a crucial build up a lasting harmony on the planet through the combination of significant worth based logical training and good restoration making great worldwide residents. Master Nanak Dev Ji was an extraordinary enlightener and an instructor. Master Nanak’s worry with the correct lead of people and society and social duties, is of all inclusive centrality. The instructive organizations and the educators are gave with the duty of creating understudies with great lead and character.Service to poor is administration to God. I am satisfied to discover that The Kalgidhar Trust, a non-benefit magnanimous association has devoted itself in the advancement of value training and in production of future residents with great lead and character and submitted towards society. The administrations rendered by the Kalgidhar Trust/Society towards otherworldly upliftment of the oppressed and in essential human services in country zones in North India and its devotion towards upliftment of the financial status of rustic poor is laudable.Health is the prime riches for a country and different government assistance plans are actualized by the Central and State Governments to deal with the wellbeing of the individuals. NGOs give some assistance in giving social insurance and in formation of mindfulness on wellbeing and cleanliness. I praise the Kalgidhar Trust and Society for its committed endeavors to improve essential human services through better inoculation, kid and maternal medicinal services, building up de-habit focuses and by taking out preventive and remedial measures to control infections and for working with a crucial give medicinal services to the underprivileged.The administrations rendered by the Trust to HIV and AIDS influenced people, through ‘One Stop Centers’ is commendable. A country creates when there is blast of information and by advancement of instruction. As understudies, your commitment is crucial. Reach skyward throughout everyday life. Set your objectives. Make a solid effort to accomplish them. This is the thing that your folks, your instructors and the organization anticipate from you.I am satisfied to discover that the Kalgidhar Trust and Society’s vision is to make high bore understudies with all-round greatness, past scholarly measurements and to give all the more such understudies and to empower the oppressed to achieve this qualification. I pass on my warm felicitations to Baba Iqbal Singh Ji, Dr. Khem Singh, who are specialists in their own fields and to all the workplace bearers and individuals from the Kalgidhar Trust and Society, the head, educators, staff and understudies on the twentieth Annual-cum-Sports Day and wish The Kalgidhar Trust and Akal Academy all achievement in its undertakings. Jai Hind

Listen actively Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Listen effectively - Essay Example Tuning in to Olivia my cherished companion turns into an undertaking when she has full five minutes to talk and I was unable to absolute a word. Starting one-two minutes went great and I engaged as much as could be expected under the circumstances, however the rest three were difficult to pass. She had been perusing Dan Brown’s Da Vinci Code and since, I have just perused it previously; the story involved negligible enthusiasm for me. Furthermore, I was having this flooding inclination to check my PDA for facebook, twiter, email, messages refreshes. Generally speaking, this experience instructed me I am not a decent audience and I somewhat prefer to intrude on the speaker to include my bit of brain. Then again, Olivia is acceptable at tuning in as per her those five minutes were noteworthy. Since, I shared my considerations about harassing issues, which I have been looking in the school of late. I should state it feels invigorating to be listened eagerly and I shared the stuff, which I was not expecting to impart to her. Question 2: Recalled an experience in which you were stating something significant however the other individual gave you negative input. How did the input influence your correspondence? Your relationship? Is negative criticism ever suitable? Assuming this is the case, under which conditions? I was out with a companion in the shopping center and we were simply examining some relationship issues she as of late had. I don't care to impart my own issues to individuals as they don't see how I set up activities to make sure about myself. After the greater part an hour of sharing done by her, she began asking me a ton of inquiries. At first, I attempted to offer secure responses by not furnishing responses which would delineate me as a failure about my circumstance, yet later on I shared a touch of my issue. Precisely after my sharing she unexpectedly began finishing up negatively the entire story without understanding. Her negative input made me progressively guarded and I got somewhat irate as well and in the long run this made me lament the sharing I did. For whenever, I

Book Riots Deals of the Day for September 4th, 2019

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The Relationship Between Capitalism And Democracy

The relationship between capitalism and democracy has been defined by many as fundamental complementary ideologies, and social scientists have discovered an undeniable link between the two structures with some suggesting that â€Å"where either capitalism or democracy flourishes, the other must soon follow† (Reich, 2007). Currently, the main form of modern democracy is polyarchal democracy which originated from the Greek word polyarkhe, meaning ‘many rule’. This infers that multiple people within a government system possess political power, making it neither a dictatorship nor a pure democracy ruled by the people. The relationship between these two complementary yet conflicting social structures have led some to believe that there are in fact enemies rather than corresponding entities due to the selfish and competitive nature of capitalism negatively affecting a democracy’s notion of equality. Joseph Schumpeter however, proposed in ‘Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy’ that democracy may function just as effectively under socialism rather than drawing the conclusion that democracy is only generated under the conditions of capitalism. Other social scientists like Rueschemeyer, Stephens and Stephens (1992) believe that â€Å"democracy arises due to its functional fit with the advanced industrial economy†, which provides an answer as to why many 3rd world and developing countries still have yet to implicate the form of democracy in their political systems due to their lack of industrialShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of A Nation State902 Words   |  4 Pages While some inhabitants of a nation might accept the the culture of other nations in addition to their own, others might have feelings of deep nationalism. In Scotland, this appeared to be true and what it did was cause somewhat of a social rift between the two nations. The fact that Scotland wanted t o leave the UK left many people thinking what was so wrong that they wanted to separate themselves. I find that the subjectivity among individuals and the connection to other world powers as a formRead More Implications of Capitalism on Objective News Content1397 Words   |  6 PagesWhile Capitalism might first be seen as a positive influence on free and open access to information, in fact, it can also have a detrimental impact. Inaccurate news stories, sensationalized material, and manipulation through the media are all repercussions of the effects of capitalism. Capitalism’s influence in the media skews content in favour of the market, preventing the public from access to democratic, objective news content. Too often, capitalist influence dominates the media market throughRead MoreDemocracy And Politics Of South Korea1387 Words   |  6 PagesEunyoung Kang Akira Ruddle-Miyamoto POLS 101 5 May 2015 Democracy and Politics in South Korea Democracy that means the rule of people has been used as a political system since Ancient Greece. Even though its concept has changed as time goes by, it is still regarded as one of the best political systems and used in many countries. Unfortunately, most Asian countries did not use this political system until the middle of the 20th century, so they have a very short history compared with western countriesRead MoreTheorizing globalization (Doughlas Kellner) Essay693 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Introduction: Kellner’s essay is a theoretical articulation of the transformations in global economy, politics, and culture made possible through the reciprocal relationship between technological and communicative revolutions and the global restructuring of capitalism.   He hopes to understand globalization as a dialectic between the progressive and emancipatory features and negative attributes.   His articulation of globalization also recognizes that change in globalized systems is not only imposedRead MoreSocialism Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesthan profit, by equality of individual wealth, by the absence of competitive economic activity, and, usually, by government determination of investment, prices and production levels. It is collective because society can control production unlike capitalism and because production is for the common good rather than for individual profit. At the same time it is individual because workers are no longer a large alienated group of people employed by a minority of owners. Work becomes a free and self-affirmingRead MoreRelations Between Nicaragua And The Western Hemisphere And Other Developing Countries1589 Words   |  7 PagesMany foreign policy makers in the western hemisphere and other developing countries often behave as if capitalism and democracy are inseparable. Nevertheless, there are some scholars that argue that the relationship between this political and economic systems are not complicated. Democracy and the market economy are two systems that are closely intertwined and mutually reinforcing or weakening. Since both of them are related to freedom. If one of these systems is strengthened , the other also strengthensRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Hegemony Theory Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"By emphasizing a democratic civil society as a context for democratic government, the recovery of nineteenth century democratic theory promises a richer understanding of the role of citizens and an understanding of t he relationship between democracy and freedom as human development† (Niemi, 2010, p. 41). This paper will discuss about Karl Marx; in regards to class systems, Antonio Gramsci; how studying Marxist thought assisted with his theory of Hegemony Theory. The centre-periphery model willRead MorePolitical Power and the State977 Words   |  4 PagesPolitical Power and the State According to Spencer political power is the result of cooperation between individuals in a society. The cooperation between individuals leads to a political structure that organizes the efforts and gives direction to the group as a whole. The political structure derived from this cooperation has to have the power to restrain individual behaviors in order to keep the society together for the same common goals. The political structure gets this power from the idea thatRead MoreThe Fall Of Feudalism And The Rise Of Capitalism1304 Words   |  6 Pagesfeudalism in the 12th century eventually led to the rise of capitalism. To get there, the first thing needed was a change in thinking. This began with the scientific revolution, and led to the Enlightenment in the 18th century. The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was highlighted by individualism, reason, and skepticism. Skepticism caused people to denounce divine right of kings, thus moving from monarchies to democracies. T his desire for knowledge coupled with the scientific revolutionRead MoreMarx And Engels s Marxism On Class And Class Struggle1362 Words   |  6 Pagespeople could be in poverty in a world where there is so much wealth. His answer was simple: capitalism. The Communist Manifesto discusses class and class struggle as a vital part of the capitalist system. Marx and Engels state that class is made up of people who are in the same position in relation to the ownership and control of the means of wealth production.(cite) For Marx and Engels the class struggle between the upper class, or bourgeoisie class and the working class, or the proletariat class is

The Joseph Narrative Literary Analysis and the Role of God

The Joseph Narrative: Literary Analysis and the Role of God The Joseph narrative can be found in the book of Genesis chapters 37-50. It is slightly interrupted â€Å"by the story of Judah and Tamar (Gen. 38) and by the so-called Blessing of Jacob (Gen. 49:1-28)† (Skinner, 438). The story of Joseph is seen as unique because it has different characteristics than its counterparts in Genesis. Other writings in Genesis seem to be short, brief incidents, about family and tribal affairs. The Joseph narrative, on the other hand, is lengthy in nature â€Å"comprising some 300 verses† (Barton Muddiman, 60). In fact, Joseph is â€Å"second only to Moses in the attention given to him in the Torah† (Spring Shapiro, 260). Some scholars consider the Joseph†¦show more content†¦It is important to know that â€Å"In antiquity, dreams were thought to be signs from divine powers exposing their intent† (Plaut, 388). This view toward dreams makes Joseph’s gift very valuable. Throughout the writing we see that â€Å"Dreams play an important role and hint at unusual developments† within the story (Plaut, 360). The dreams come in three different episodes, each episode contains two dreams. This is one form of repetition that is used with regard to the dreams (cfr. Humphreys, 97). The first set of dreams occurs at the beginning of the narrative. Joseph has a dream and he goes to share it with his brothers: â€Å"There we were binding sheaves in the field, when suddenly my sheaf stood up and remained upright; then your sheaves gathered around and bowed low to my sheaf† (Gen. 37:7). The brothers are extremely disgusted with Joseph and they see his dream as a purposeful attempt to mock them and show his power over them (cfr. Levenson, 75). They already do not like him because he is the favorite son, but they hate him even more after his dream. The second dream which occurs within this episode is similar to the first. This time Joseph describes the sun, moon, and eleven sta rs bowing down to him. Joseph’s brothers and father take exception to his dream. From a foreshadowing perspective, the first set of dreams has striking similarities to what will happen later in the narrative. In the first dream, Joseph talks about harvesting grain and how the brother’sShow MoreRelatedGospel And Gospel Of John1127 Words   |  5 PagesGospel’s Analysis In the faith of Christianity, their are four distinct disciples of gospel accounts. Each of the four gospels has its own unique contribution to shaping a precise picture of Jesus. Scholars have contributed a great deal to the understanding of the circumstances of their writing, along with the intentions of their authors. Their are two groups to which the gospels are separated by. The synoptic gospels and the gospel of John. Their are critical differences between these two groupsRead MoreThe Gospel Of The Bible2155 Words   |  9 Pageswith the infancy narratives; the Saviour’s birth and youth; His baptism and temptation; His message and mission; the journey to Jerusalem; and His death and resurrection. This Gospel places great emphasis on Jesus of Nazareth as the Messiah promised to the Jews in the Old Testament. It also addresses the theme of universal salvation. Christ’s redemption is intended for everyone, and He has come to gather all people to himself. The trinity is evident from the beginning, with God and the Holy SpiritRead More Dostoevsky was an Anti-Semite2271 Words   |  10 PagesDostoevsky was an Anti-Semite Literary anti-Semitism is as old as Western culture itself. A full listing of writers who have expressed hostility toward Jews and/or Judaism--from Shakespeare to T.S. Eliot, from Pushkin to Pasternak, etc.--would add up to a Whos Who of Western literature.1 Undoubtedly, Dostoevsky follows in this tradition. It is disparaging, however, that as the true novelist of ideas and Christian love, Dostoevsky could harbor such ill will towards the Jews. Does this notRead MoreEssay on The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov A review2659 Words   |  11 PagesThe Master and Margarita is a piece of literary alchemy. It is a fusion of Geothes Faust, fragments of autobiography, an alternative version of the crucifixion of Christ, a tale of political repression and a meditation on the role of an artist in a society bereft of freedom and individuality. The book does not have a readily describable plot as the narrative structure is intricate and complex, with several stories nestled in one; inside one narrative there is another, and then another, andRead MoreMasquerading Colonial Innocence in Rudyard Kiplings Kim2940 Words   |  12 Pagesexperiences as a spy, his appealing association with the lama, and the ability and craftsmanship of Kiplings writing have all produced this daring and evocative if contentious novel to persevere as a minor classic of historical English literature. Analysis of Kim Kiplings selection of a teenage boy as the main character of his lengthiest novel openly gives a signals that he has an appointment with, and appreciation to, an current and still emerging custom of nineteenth-century Anglo-American childrensRead MoreEssay on A Postmodern Tendancy in Their Eyes Were Watching God1923 Words   |  8 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ...Zora Neale Hurston lacks [any] excuse. The sensory sweep of her novel carries no theme, no message, no thought. In the main, her novel is not addressed to the Negro, but to a white audience whose chauvinistic tastes she knows how to satisfy. She exploits the phase of Negro life which is quaint, the phase which evokes a piteous smile on the lips of the superior race. -- from Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), a review by RichardRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pages Bildungsroman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbÉ ªldÊŠÅ‹s.Ê oËÅ'maË n]; German: novel of formation, education, culture),[a] novel of formation, novel of education,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3]Read More The War Experience in Italian Film Essay3455 Words   |  14 Pagescultural consecration. An analysis of this experience in all of its manifestations can be discerned from the evaluation of one or several works from the post-World War II period within the corpus of the Italian cultural signification. It follows from this approach that the essence of the results of this analysis will then represent an appreciative grasp of the aforementioned corpus. The war experience in Italian film can be succinctly considered through a detailed analysis of Rome, Open City (RomaRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†Read MoreThe Red Tent (All You Need to5163 Words   |  21 PagesLiterary Analysis: The Red Tent The author and her times Anita Diamant, author of the historic fiction novel, The Red Tent, is a devout Jewish-American living in Newtonville, Massachusetts with her husband and daughter, Emilia. She has written five books about contemporary Jewish life, The Red Tent being her first novel. Diamant may have been influenced by the recent resurgence of creating Midrashim, or stories that attempt to explain the Torah by examining its subtexts. Modern women

Racial Patterns in Dating and Marrige Free Essays

Hope A. Shelby Shelby 1 Soc 290 Professor Doyle 5 November 2012 Racial patterns in Dating and Marriage Just four decades ago On June 13, 1967, President Johnson nominated a then United states Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall to be the first African American named to U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Patterns in Dating and Marrige or any similar topic only for you Order Now Supreme Court. Although, a mere months earlier Thurgood suffered an indignity that today seems not just outrageous but almost incomprehensible. He and his wife had found their dream house in a Virginia suburb of Washington, D. C. but could not lawfully live together in that state: he was black and she was East Asian. Fortunately for the Marshall’s, in January 1967 the Supreme Court struck down the anti-interracial-marriage laws in Virginia and 18 other states. And by the end of 1967 these laws were just leftover scraps from an extinct era. While this topic sits extremely close to home because, I myself, have married outside of my race. Together for 10 years, and married for a year we have seen leaps and bounds in just the last decade of what has progressed with racial patterns in dating and marriage. Although times have drastically changed in the past 4 decades from when Thurgood was dealing with his personal struggle, we still see a lot of work a head of use separating all racial and cultural stereotypes that surround dating and marriage. We can currently see that Interracial marriages in the U. S. Is still quite rare. Shelby 2 For example, data from the 5% sample of the 2000 Census reveal that among married African Americans, 94% are married to other African Americans (â€Å"Census Bureau 2000†). Members of other races I found are also unlikely to marry outside of their own group. How to cite Racial Patterns in Dating and Marrige, Papers

Hurricane Isabel Essay Example For Students

Hurricane Isabel Essay M/W GHY Hurricane Isabel Essay stayed alive from September 7-20. It caused mostly flooding and power failures. At one time, while in the Atlantic Ocean it was a Category 5 hurricane, but luckily it had weakened significantly and was barely hurricane strength by the time it began to push through North Carolina. Even though the storm was not that strong it still was devastating. It killed 42 people and left 6 million power customers without service as far north as New York. Less than one billion dollars in damage was estimated. A Swiss insurer said some 90 percent of the claims arose from home-owner, auto, and commercial property policies. Analysts have estimated the hurricane related claims will reach 100-120 million dollars. In North Carolina, about 7,800 customers remained without power nine days after the storm had hit the region. The day the hurricane first crossed the state, 700,000 customers lost power. Virginia had drastic damage also. Virginia had 1.8 million people lose power the day of the storm. Nine days after the storm, 87 percent had their power back. Dominion Virginia Power had to replace over 1,000 miles of wire and 10,705 broken poles. It is hard to imagine what the damages would have been like if Hurricane Isabel would have stayed a Category 5 hurricane. The last Category 5 Atlantic hurricane was Mitch in 1998, which killed about 11,000 people in Central America. The last two Category 5 hurricanes to strike the United States were Andrew in 1992 and Camille in 1969. .

Scandal in Burson

Table of Contents Introduction Competition between the Fab Four Why the issue became a scandal How Burson-Marsteller responded The Lessons Bibliography Footnotes Introduction Burson-Marsteller is a public relations firm. This is a giant American company that won the best public relations company award. The firm is an experienced and respected organization that has won many other accolades and received major contracts. The issue about the public relations company Burson-Marsteller (B-M) turned out to scandalous because it brought disrepute on practitioners1.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scandal in Burson-Marstelle Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The matter was also not addressed well at the time it went public. These companies were Burson- Marsteller and Facebook. The companies failed in all their attempts to deal with the issue. They failed in their communication strategy and in the manner in which t hey responded to the media inquiries. A preview of the issue tells us that B-M was caught creating a whisper campaign against Google for an undisclosed Facebook client. Google and Facebook are involved in competition to control online advertisements. Burson and Marsteller’s were competing reporters who were instructed to write destructive information about Google. B-M had been hired by Facebook to do the dirty job as well. B-M understood the competition between the two and saw an opportunity to make money without giving due diligence to its integrity and the damage it would have on its image in case the issue leaked. The two employees were on the job when they were caught. The matter circulated to members of the public. Competition between the Fab Four The Fab four American companies are Facebook, Google, Amazon, and Apple. These technology companies have defined and transformed the world in terms of information technology and entertainment in the twenty first century. Initia lly, these companies operated different businesses. With time, they continuously transformed and fought for market dominance in the social networking industry, mobile phones and accessories, and laptops. Some of these products are their common products. All these companies are determined to be market leaders in technology.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their aim is to control the world living rooms. The competition has grown to a neck-throat level. Some of these companies have resorted to smear campaigns. This is to enable them receive undue advantage over others. A case in focus is what happened last year between Facebook and Google. The issue involved another public relations company, Burson-Marsteller. Each of these companies ensures that information is safeguard in the best way possible. They opt to keep both their customers and competitors guessing what product woul d be next in the market. This has been the key to their success. These companies are reshaping the behavior of customers because they are influencing to use electronic gadgets to access the web. These include tablets, laptops, and mobile phone devices. The competition is likely to go a notch higher as they fight to outsmart each other. Competition between these companies is a result of intensive advertising and the enormous resources. These are the hardware, data, and the media. This means that they have to be always innovative. They are all moving in one direction implying that their objective is to control the living rooms. They have developed a system in the market that leads to imitation2. Why the issue became a scandal The process employed by B-M deliberately ignored the code of ethics that touches on the disclosure. This in itself implies that B-M had a hidden agenda on the overall issue. The tactics applied here such as, whispering, were negative modes, which the Public Relat ions Society of America (PRSA) discourages. The society discourages other vices including brand washing, dirty laundering, and flogging3. The company did not undertake due diligence in its initial steps to observe the code of ethics. Due diligence was expected from B-M because it is an experienced and renowned public relations company. The failure on their part or deliberate omission led to the issue exploding and becoming a scandal. The status of this company required it to think beyond money. It was expected to factor in other areas relevant to the company, which include the impact of the contract on the company’s image and returns on integrity. The two accused companies did not handle the matter well when it was busted. The leadership of Burson- Marsteller resorted to shifting blame from one end to the other. The leaders claimed not to have authorized the contractual agreement, blaming it on the junior employees. At one time, they issued a statement arguing that it was act ually not a smear campaign and that they had withdrawn from the contractual agreement. A standpoint or official statement was required, but it was conspicuously missing. By the time the organization came to accept that what had happened was wrong and very unethical, it was too little too late. The damage on its part had already occurred.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scandal in Burson-Marstelle Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management came out late to state that what had happened did not conform to the standardized rules of service. The statement was of no use because the damage had already been caused. Facebook on its part failed to take responsibility. Google being its competitor was disgusting to see Facebook employ dirty tricks that were shameful against its rivals. The two companies ought to have owned the released information, and subsequently issue an apology. They should have punished the e mployees who were responsible and then proceeded to clean their images. It was also necessary for them to deposit an explanation regarding the same issue to PRSA4. How Burson-Marsteller responded Burson-Marsteller is a giant company in the public relations industry. Its response was expected to be professional. It, however, did not handle the issue professionally. This scandal was uncovered weeks after the company had received the best public relations company award. The company fumbled to try to contain a scandal that was already blowing out of proportion. This was not professional and only served to escalate the issue5. It showed that it was prepared to neither hear the truths nor get the feelings of other players in the industry such as clients and competitors, who posted their comments on the Facebook page. It employed a defensive mission instead of being apologetic. In addition to this, it denied being involved as soon as the issue was uncovered. One of its employees cheated th at the organization had communicated with Jessica. She argued that the company was suffering from malice. Burson-Marstellar continued to handle the issue badly when the organization declined to take action against the two employees who had orchestrated the smear campaign. The organization instead promised to offer the two employees additional classes on ethics. These people were former senior journalists. They had earned their respect through good work before. The question of taking them for extra ethics classes was therefore unnecessary6. It only added proved that Burson – Marsteller’s was incompetent in handling communication issues, especially those arising from the media. This was wrong and did not augur well for the company. It would have been positive if the company took disciplinary actions against the two.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Failure of the same only meant that the actions of the company could be interpreted to mean the top management of the company was involved. Another reaction came from its former Chief Executive Officer who rebuked the action wondering what had gone wrong at Burson-Marsteller. A statement from the boss on the matter was evaluated to mean failure by the current leadership in handling administration matters, including communication7. The Lessons There are various lessons that can be learned from the public relations scandal. The two companies failed to use important aspects of the two-way symmetrical public relations model. The two companies did not show honesty in their contractual engagement. The best way would be to embrace honesty. Moreover, the companies should have accepted to compromise through embracing a two-way communication model. This was lacking because B-M did not even reveal its client. Understanding the rules of disclosure would be very important. Transparency includes making public the necessary information. This avoids misinterpretation and misrepresentation of the company. It is also a need under the code of conduct. B-M deliberately concealed information regarding Facebook, which is its client. Rules are very clear and the company overlooked them. Strict adherence could have helped the company in ending the mistake. It is also good to speak with one voice. Specific people should be assigned the duty of giving information when a crisis arises. This allows the media and the public to receive accurate information. When the matter found its way to the public, B-M and Facebook did not show any effort that focused on achieving mutual respect. A public apology and taking actions against the two employees would have been the best way to resolve the conflict. Furthermore, B-M and Facebook failed to explore the concept of negotiation and the willingness to make compromises, as illustrated by Grunig and Todd. They instead started offering conflicting sta tements over the issue. The best approach would have been to solve conflicts and promote mutual understanding. B-M saw the rivalry between Facebook and Google and wanted to make money out of the confusion. This was in disregard to the two-way symmetric model of public relations. B-M should have resisted the urge to make money using dirty means for the sake of its reputation. Strict adherence to the code of ethics by both the management and employees is paramount. The follow-up activities by the company to ensure implementation of the same are also a necessity. If the management of B-M were to adhere to the code of ethics, it would be definite that the matter would have taken a very different direction. It is imperative to understand that a company shouldering any misbehavior by its employees should therefore be prepared to handle the consequences8. Burson –Marstellar and Facebook should have weighed these options, including what effect their actions would have on their compan y images and integrity. They did not know that these factors were important in the flop of their agendum9. It is also necessary to understand the dynamics of the industry in which a firm is operating10. The social media is powerful such that secretes are no more. Therefore, learning what the organization can engage in may save it from a problem. The ever-advancing technology does not leave room for secrets. Bibliography Applegate, Jane. Great Ideas for Your Small Business. Hoboken, N.J: Bloomberg Press, 2011. Briscoe, Schuler. International Human Resource Management. New York: Routledge, 2012 Croteau, Hoynes. Media/Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences. Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2012. Dowling, Festing. International Human Resource Management: managing people in a multinational context. Sydney: Thomson Learning, 2008. Meyerson, Mitch. Success Secrets of the Online Marketing Superstars. Chicago: Dearborn Trade Pub, 2005. Miller, David. Tales from Facebook. New York: Polity, 2011. Na nkervis, Chatterjee. Perspectives of Human Resource Management in the Asia Pacific. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia, 2006. Perlman, Corey. Eboot Camp: Proven Internet Marketing Techniques to Grow Your Business. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons, 2009. Scullion, Linehan. International Human Resource Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Warner, Bruno. Organization Change: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2011. Footnotes 1 Applegate, Jane (Great Ideas for Your Small Business. Hoboken, N.J: Bloomberg Press, 2011), p. 76. 2 Dowling, Festing (International Human Resource Management: managing people in a multinational context. Sydney: Thomson Learning, 2008), p. 19 3 Nankervis, Chatterjee (Perspectives of Human Resource Management in the Asia Pacific. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia, 2006), p. 19. 4 Warner, Bruno (Organization Change: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2011), p. 87. 5 Miller, David (Tales from Facebook. New York: Polity, 2011), p. 45. 6 P erlman, Corey (Eboot Camp: Proven Internet Marketing Techniques to Grow Your Business. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons, 2009), p. 12. 7 Croteau, Hoynes (Media/Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences. Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2012), p. 90. 8 Scullion, LinehannI (nternational Human Resource Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), p. 23. 9 Briscoe, Schuler (International Human Resource Management. New York: Routledge, 2012), p. 67 10 Meyerson Mitch (Success Secrets of the Online Marketing Superstars. Chicago: Dearborn Trade Pub, 2005), p. 23. This essay on Scandal in Burson-Marstelle Firm was written and submitted by user Senator Bail to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wisconsin Vs Yoder Essays - Amish, Peace Churches, Simple Living

Wisconsin Vs Yoder Essays - Amish, Peace Churches, Simple Living Wisconsin Vs Yoder The Case of Wisconsin vs. Yoder (Docket #70-110) goes back to the year 1972. Jonas Yoder and Wallace Miller were both members of the Amish religion. Adin Yutzy, also prosecuted under the Wisconsin law, represented the Conservative Amish Mennonite Church. The reason for prosecution was because there was a law that stated all children must attend public school until the age of sixteen. The three parents, all being Amish, refused to obey such a law and pulled their children out of school after the 8th grade. Their argument was that the high school attendance was contrary to their religious beliefs. The state of Wisconsin disagreed and challenged this case to the United States Supreme Court. The basic constitutional amendment that is being argued here is the freedom of religion. The case was argued on December 8, 1971 and was eventually decided on May 15, 1972. Each side had a perfectly good reason as to why they were right. The defense, (represented as being Yoder), said that the law basically threatens their religious way of life. In their opinion, the only teachings they needed were that of what they had already received up until the 8th grade. They also said that Amish parents provide training from an early age through young adults, teaching them the skills necessary to be farmers, or other skills, i.e., carpenters and parents. This training supposedly prepares them for a much better life as an Amish adult than what they would receive in formal schooling. On the states side, however, their views were much different. The state was simply enforcing a law that requires children be enrolled in school until the age of sixteen. The states other argument was that the extra schooling prepared the children for adult life. In response the defendants found it unnecessary and unjust. The state came back with the question of what will happen to the children if they leave their Amish community. In a 6-to-1 decision, the Court decided that the individual's interest in the free exercise of religion under the First Amendment outweighed the State's interests in convincing school attendance past 8th grade. The Court found that the values and programs of secondary school were in sharp conflict with the fundamental mode of life mandated by the Amish religion, and that an additional one or two years of high school would not produce the benefits of public education cited by Wisconsin to justify the law. In the opinion of Chief Justice Burger: The Amish have a legitimate reason for removing their children from school prior to their attending high school. The qualities emphasized higher education (self-distinction, competitiveness, scientific accomplishment, etc.) are contrary to Amish values. Additionally, attendance in high school hinders the Amish community by depriving them of the labor of their children and limiting their ability to instill appropriate values in their adolescents. A state's interest in universal education must be balanced against the legitimate claims of special groups of people. The State cites two interests in compulsory education: to create a citizenry to participate in our political system and to prepare self-supportive people. The Court agrees with the Amish that an additional one or two years of education will not significantly affect either of these interests.

Historical antecedents of your chosen field Research Paper

Historical antecedents of your chosen field - Research Paper Example Motivation factors, consciousness level and students learning ability can be considered as historical events, which have a substantial impact on ESL (Newfoundland Labrador, 2014). Motivational factors or measures motivate the students in their learning process. ESL is essential for those students whose primary language is other than English language and who need English language as a second language to enhance their reading skills, writing skills and communication skills (Faltis, 2011; Ontario, 2007). Cultural factors or measures also have a great impact on ESL language. ESL students may be from the several cultural backgrounds and from the various attributes. Cultural factors help the students to change their behaviors and attributes by enhancing their learning skills (Faltis, 2011; Ontario, 2007). Environmental factors are also considered as historical events or measures, which have a great impact on ESL, influencing the learning process the students. Environmental factors such as technological and economic factors lay a considerable on the learning skills of the ESL students (Faltis, 2011; Ontario, 2007). The degree of consciousness as well as awareness of the students lays a great impact on ESL. If the level of awareness among the students is high, then the students can easily learn English language and improve their reading as well as writing skills (Faltis, 2011; Ontario, 2007). The ability of students to acquaint quickly with new language also helps them to acquire skills relevant to the learning process or the English language. The ability of the student is not same for every student. Some students are very intelligent and some are not. Therefore, the students who have the strong ability than other students can learn the language easily (Faltis, 2011; Ontario, 2007). These are the factors or measures, which have a huge impact on the learning process of the ESL students. ESL

Recommendation MEMO to Darla Domke Research Proposal

Recommendation MEMO to Darla Domke - Research Proposal Example She believes that she will have a upper hand in her business The most appropriate step for Darla Domke to take when setting up the I’ll cook for you business is to establish her own in house advertising and not hire an outside advertising agency (Dunung 2010, p. 22). Advertising comes with a number of drawbacks. Thus depending on the decision that an individual has made to start a business it is important that they choose the most appropriate kid of advertising strategy that will meet their needs as well as that of their customers. From the pros and cons listed in relation to whether Darla Domke should hire an outside advertising agency or develop an in-house advertising agency, it would be appropriate for her to set up her own advertising agency that she will be able to work within her own schedule and incorporate a number of ideas that are within her area of competency (Pringle & Starr, 2006, p. 161). With her own services, she can use them to serve as her advertising strategy at the same time (Provost 2014, par 1-8). Establishing an in house advertising agency as opposed to the hiring of an outside advertising agency has benefits that include the ability to effectively save on time and costs as well as the ease of control of activities. There is room to make faster and informed decisions. One of the disadvantages that is normally associated with the establishment of an in house advertising agency is that most of the people in the business may not have the required experience and expertise (Kazmi, Batra &U Satish 2008, p. 64). For the case of Darla who is a qualified nutritionist, getting time off her regular office job will give her more time to prepare high quality meals. She will also make use of her skills and abilitities to ensure that the meals she prepares are healthy and of the appropriate quality. In addition, if she requires any additional personnel, she should ensure that they have the relevant level of professionalism,

Bedford Health Show Project Management

Bedford Health Show Project Management EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:- This is a business report submission of the project plan for the exhibition at Bedford health show for Optimum healthcare solutions organisation. INTRODUCTION My aim for this project plan assignment is for me to attempt to explain the rationale behind the exhibition and plan a project towards this with the project milestone, potential return on investment, the budget, Gantt chart and work breakdown structure illustrated. OVERVIEW OF OPTIMUM HEALTHCARE SOLUTIONS Optimum Healthcare Solution is an organisation that provides physiotherapy products and services to local community, other hospitals and healthcare personnel . They provide a treatment pathway for their patient and have specialist in physiotherapy that assist in the rehabilitation and recovery for patients that has suffered injuries. They offer services and products such as Pilates, sports massage, watt bike testing, ultrasonography, shockwave therapy, acupuncture, myofascial taping, customised orthotics. They are specialised in the treatment of Back pain, Musculosketal, Acupuncture, Paediatric ,sports injury e.t.c The organisation does not just only provide physiotherapy, they also provide services in the area of Neurotherapy, fitness and elite fitness which enables the organisation to provide rehabilitation assessment and treatment for all their patients They have a training programme that helps in improving performance and preventing injuries. RATIONALE/BENEFITS FOR EXHIBITING AT THE BEDFORD HEALTH SHORE Exhibiting at a trade show is a way for one to market its products and services It will enable the organisation(OHS) to advertise their healthcare products and services to 5,750 visitors at the exhibition, at least majority of these visitors wouldnt have heard about the organisation. It will create more awareness about (OHS) products and services which might lead to global recognition because the visitors will be diverse from different countries . Its an opportunity to network on a larger scale with other healthcare service provider at the exhibition. Its an opportunity to get more clients/patients to patronise the products and services offered which will eventually lead to the creation of a customer database. It will help to improve the brand image of (OHS) and help to know what other healthcare provider competitors are up to. Its a good marketing strategy to start off sales of (OHS) products and services It leaves an impression on potential clients/patients It will ultimately end up increasing sales for the organisation and to promote (OHS) RETURN ON INVESTMENT As the project planner we are estimating a profit of  £5000 after investing  £5000 which is a 100% returns on investment which is of benefit to the organisation. Return on investment = ROI =net profit/investment*100 ROI=5000/5000*100=100% We are estimating 1800 new clients will be recruited at the exhibition out of the 5,750 that will attend the exhibition. There is also the possibility of more clients patronising the services and products. From this estimate , we are assuming well break even after the exhibition. The desired result of getting more sales will be realised and the project stakeholders will ultimately be satisfied. PROJECT PLAN MILESTONES Cost or suggested Budget( £5,000) Time Resources e.g. equipment, machinery, Stationeries Training of staff Project start and end date COST/BUDGET PLAN FOR THE BEDFORD EXHIBITION SHOW VENUE RENT(SHELL SCHEME STAND)  £900 TRANSPORT TO FRO OF EQUIPMENTS  £250 HIRING FURNISHING LOCALLY (DESK,CHAIR TABLE AT BEDFORD)  £200 ADVERTISEMENT FOR SHOW  £200 PRINTING POSTERS/LEAFLET  £200 GIFT MUGS/PEN/T-SHIRT WITH (OHS)LOGO  £200 INTERNET CONNECTION AT EXHIBITION CENTRE  £30 STAFF WAGES FOR THE DAY  £800 STAFF TRAINING  £250 HOTEL BOOKING FOR 10 STAFF MEMBERS  £750 HOSPITALITY FOR POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS E.G DRINKS, TEA, COFFEE  £100 CLEAN UP SERVICES  £120 MISCELLANOUS  £1000 TOTAL EXHIBITION COST  £5000 OBJECTIVES OF THE EXHIBITION The Objectives of exhibiting at the Bedford health show is basically to make sales for(Optimum Healthcare Solutions) products and services at the exhibition event by recruiting at least 1,800 clients . Motivate the team by the seminars and training they will be attending to gain insight into how to engage the potential customers of optimum healthcare solutions. Contact potential patients or customers after the exhibition event with telephone calls, email, text messages, arranging interviews, letters through the post to serve as reminders and social media networking. To ensure that within 24 hours of collating data and creating a database ,all new potential customers would have been communicated with and arrange an assessment with them as soon as possible. PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS   Ã‚   PROJECT MANAGER :- is a stakeholder in the sense that he or she has the responsibility of ensuring that the project is prepared, planned properly, manages risks and executed accordingly. CLIENTS/PATIENTS:- Are stakeholders in that the OHS has a care of duty to provide and cant afford to fail them because they pay for the products and services. LOCAL COMMUNITY:-Are stakeholders as well because whatever decision is been made by the healthcare providers management(OHS) and their activities, the community will be impacted and affected by these. STAFF:-Are stakeholders because they are impacted by either the success or failure of the organisation and the management decisions. GOVERNMENT:- Are stakeholders because they expect the healthcare providers to provide quality healthcare services to patients and to pay income tax (which is a revenue for them). BOARD OF DIRECTORS:- They as a service provider needs to be financially sustainable . GANTT CHART OF PROJECT PLAN FOR OPTIMUM HEALTHCARE SOLUTIONS EXHIBITION AT THE BEDFOR HEALTH SHOW (Owadokun, K. et al, 2017) The project plan has a time frame or duration of a start date from 1st of April 2017 and an end date of 22nd of April 2017 with the activities involved in achieving the project plan and this is clearly represented on the Gantt chart. PROJECT LIFE CYCLE FOR THE (OHS) EXHIBITION PROJECT INITIATION:- A team was put up to brainstorm how the project plan should go and set aims and objectives for the project, a feasibility study was done about the Bedford health show PROJECT PLANNING:-The plan of how to get the project working was put in place by the team after brainstorming and coming to a conclusion, and as well the budget breakdown estimate for the exhibition was concluded after analysing what it will cost to effect the project, a communication plan was also put in place so the team can effectively communicate .e.g. a new email account was created and a mobile and landline line was given to all team members PROJECT EXECUTION:-A time management was put in place that is represented on the Gantt chart on how to monitor the progress of the project. PROJECT CLOSURE:- A review and assessment of the project executed is put in place and also to communicate with potential clients 24 hours immediately after the exhibition by ensuring they are communicated with through letters, phone calls, email, social media, text message reminders e.t.c and also communicate back to the stakeholders about the success of the exhibition and the lessons learned are documented. 4Ds OF THE PROJECT DISCOVER:-When the staff at the exhibition where engaging the customers or potential patients, they tried to get information off the customers about the use of the products and services during demonstrations with the equipment at the venue . DESIGN: The staff will be encouraged to put themselves in the shoes of the potential clients for (OHS) using the products and services and encourage questions from the customers and the time and duration needed to actualise the project plan was calculated which was between the first of April to the twenty second of April 2017 . DEVELOP:-Several meetings and Training of staff will be done on how to communicate sales processes of (OHS)products and services and the activities highlighted in our Gantt chart was done, we also got appropriate data from the customers. DELIVER:-Appropriate feedback will be collected from the customers at the exhibition and well evaluate this feedback with our objectives if its been realised CONCLUSION I have learnt from undertaking this research that it is realistic to break even after investing  £5000 and get a return of 100% on what is invested through strategic marketing, social networking and engaging clients one on one such as exhibiting on a larger scale to a wide audience that is more diverse than in the local community and hospitals REFERENCE http://www.optimum-hcs.com Owadokun, K. Begum, N. Mostafa, M. Costa,Ginario. and Chowdury, Dilruba(2017) OHS Gantt chart

Critical Thinking and Discussion Question Essay

Describe the shifts in the world economy over the past 30 years. What are the implications of these shifts for international businesses based in Britain? North America? Hong Kong? After World War II, America used to be the number one leader in the world while Britain and China have less role. For the rich industrial countries like the UK, US, Denmark and New Zealand is declining of the FDI. Conversely, the developing countries like China has become more influential in the world economic over the last 30 years and expected to be the first leader in the world. Especially, exporting of china has a significant blooming. â€Å"The study of international business is fine if you are going to work in a large multinational enterprise, but it has no relevance for individuals who are going to work in small firms.† Evaluate this statement. International business or globalization is talk about the trend towards a more integrated global economic system. I’m disagree with that there is no relevance for individual who are going to work in small business because every business should consider about economic and the economic depend on the would situation. So, not only a big enterprise must study international business but small business should understand the role of global business also. How have changes in technology contributed to the globalization of markets and production? Would the globalization of production and markets have been possible without these technological changes? For the globalization of markets and production, they have changed with lower cost communications networks and lower transportation cost. Both lead to easier to enable firm s to create global markets and allow firms to better respond to customer demands. For example; The Internet has facilitated the creation of a 24/7/365 marketplace where information is available in real  time. So that make sense that the globalization of production and markets have been possible without these technological changes. â€Å"Ultimately, the study of international business is no different from the study of domestic business. Thus, there is no point in having a separate course on international business.† Evaluate this statement. The international business differs from the domestic business because: Countries are different in economic, political, legal and culture. The range of problem confronted by a manager in an international business is wider and the problems themselves more complex than those confronted by a manager in a domestic business. International transactions involve converting money into different currencies. How might the Internet and the associated World Wide Web affect international business activity and the globalization of the world economy? Over the last 20 years, internet static has increase sharply. Most business have a website that kind of another advertising. Customer around the world can access your business 24 hrs. Real location is not necessary because of power of internet. Some business only has in online and they can make more profit than existing business. If current trends continue, China may emerge as the world’s largest economy by 2020. Discuss the possible implications for such a development for The world trading system: Many countries try to sign a contract with China for trade because its market is big and very interesting. In the future China economic could be larger than the US and other countries. The world monetary system: China’s currency, Yuan, might be powerful than U.S. dollar or equal or more than other world currency. The business strategy of today’s European and US-based global corporations: They will invest in China or more corporate will shift to China. In term of exporting, they try to reduce tariff. In  addition, they will co-business with Chinese and learn chinese also. global commodity prices: The goods that is made in China is cheaper than other countries. Most global commodities will import from China. Reread the Management Focus on Vizio and the market for flat-panel TVs and answer the following questions: Why is the manufacturing of flat panel TV’s migrating to different locations around the world? Because they concern about cost of production, comparing between cost and profit in different countries. Who benefits from the globalization of the flat panel display industry? Who are the losers? Vizio company: lower production cost Vizio customer: high-quality with low price labor: get job host country: higher pollute environment What would happen if The US government required that flat-panel displays sold in the United States had to also be made in the US? On balance, would this be a good or a bad thing? It will be a bad thing. In the short run, if the flat panel displays must be made in the United States, the total cost of the products will increase and become less competitive with other brands. What does the example of Vizio tell you about the future of production in an increasingly integrated global economy? What does it tell you about the strategies that enterprises must adopt to thrive in highly competitive global markets? This is an example of benefit-cost analysis. The way to reduce production cost through the integrated global economy. They looking for out sourcing suppliers that cheaper than their country.

China Economy Essay

The rapid rise of China as a major economic power within a time span of about three decades is often described by analysts as one of the greatest economic success stories in modern times. From 1979 (when economic reforms began) to 2011, China’s real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of nearly 10%. From 1980 to 2011, real GDP grew 19-fold in real terms, real per capita GDP increased 14-fold, and an estimated 500 million people were raised out of extreme poverty. China is now the world’s second-largest economy and some analysts predict it could become the largest within a few years. Yet, on a per capita basis, China remains a relatively poor country. China’s economic rise has led to a substantial increase in U. S. -China economic ties. According to U. S. trade data, total trade between the two countries surged from $5 billion in 1980 to $503 billion in 2011. China is currently the United States’ second-largest trading partner, its third largest export market, and its largest source of imports. Many U. S. ompanies have extensive operations in China in order to sell their products in the booming Chinese market and to take advantage of lower-cost labor for export-oriented manufacturing. These operations have helped some U. S. firms to remain internationally competitive and have supplied U. S. consumers with a variety of low-cost goods. China’s large-scale purchases of U. S. Treasury securities (which totaled nearly $1. 2 trillion at the end of 2011) have enabled the federal government to fund its budget deficits, which help keep U. S. interest rates relatively low. However, the emergence of China as a major economic superpower has raised concern among many U. S. policymakers. Some claim that China uses unfair trade practices (such as an undervalued currency and subsidies given to domestic producers) to flood U. S. markets with low cost goods, and that such practices threaten American jobs, wages, and living standards. Others contend that China’s growing use of industrial policies to promote and protect certain domestic Chinese industries firms favored by the government, and its failure to take effective action against widespread infringement of U.  S. intellectual property rights (IPR) in China, threaten to undermine the competitiveness of U. S. IP-intensive industries. In addition, while China has become a large and growing market for U. S. exports, critics contend that numerous trade and investment barriers limit opportunities for U. S. firms to sell in China, or force them to set up production facilities in China as the price of doing business there. Other concerns relating to China’s economic growth include its growing demand for energy and raw materials and its emergence as the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gasses. The Chinese government views a growing economy as vital to maintaining social stability. However, China faces a number of major economic challenges which could undermine future growth, including distortive economic policies that have resulted in over-reliance on fixed investment and exports for economic growth (rather than on consumer demand), government support for state-owned firms, a weak banking system, widening income gaps, growing pollution, and the relative lack of the rule of law in China. Many economists warn that such problems could undermine China’s future economic growth. The Chinese government has acknowledged these problems and has pledged to address them by implementing policies to boost consumer spending, expand social safety net coverage, and encourage the development of less-polluting industries. China’s Economy Prior to Reforms Prior to 1979, China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong, maintained a centrally planned, or command, economy. A large share of the country’s economic output was directed and controlled by the state, which set production goals, controlled prices, and allocated resources throughout most of the economy. During the 1950s, all of China’s individual household farms were collectivized into large communes. To support rapid industrialization, the central government undertook large-scale investments in physical and human capital during the 1960s and 1970s. As a result, by 1978 nearly three-fourths of industrial production was produced by centrally controlled, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), according to centrally planned output targets. Private enterprises and foreign-invested firms were generally barred. A central goal of the Chinese government was to make China’s economy relatively self-sufficient. Foreign trade was generally limited to obtaining only those goods that could not be made or obtained in China. Government policies kept the Chinese economy relatively stagnant and inefficient, mainly because most aspects of the economy were managed and run by the central government (and thus there were few profit incentives for firms, workers, and farmers), competition was virtually nonexistent, foreign trade and investment flows were mainly limited to Soviet bloc countries, and price and production controls caused widespread distortions in the economy. Chinese living standards were substantially lower than those of many other developing countries. The Chinese government in 1978 (shortly after the death of Chairman Mao in 1976) decided to break with its Soviet-style economic policies by gradually reforming the economy according to free market principles and opening up trade and investment with the West, in the hope that this would significantly increase economic growth and raise living standards. As Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, the architect of China’s economic reforms, put it: â€Å"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter what color the cat is as long as it catches mice? The Introduction of Economic Reforms Beginning in 1979, China launched several economic reforms. The central government initiated price and ownership incentives for farmers, which enabled them to sell a portion of their crops on the free market. In addition, the government established four special economic zones along the coast for the purpose of attract ing foreign investment, boosting exports, and importing high technology products into China. Additional reforms, which followed in stages, sought to decentralize economic policymaking in several sectors, especially trade. Economic control of various enterprises was given to provincial and local governments, which were generally allowed to operate and compete on free market principles, rather than under the direction and guidance of state planning. In addition, citizens were encouraged to start their own businesses. Additional coastal regions and cities were designated as open cities and development zones, which allowed them to experiment with free market reforms and to offer tax and trade incentives to attract foreign investment. In addition, state price controls on a wide range of products were gradually eliminated. Trade liberalization was also a major key to China’s economic success. Removing trade barriers encouraged greater competition and attracted foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. China’s gradual implementation of economic reforms sought to identify which policies produced favorable economic outcomes (and which did not) so that they could be implemented in other parts of the country, a process Deng Xiaoping reportedly referred to as â€Å"crossing the river by touching the stones. † China’s Economic Growth Since Reforms: 1979-2012 Since the introduction of economic reforms, China’s economy has grown substantially faster than during the pre-reform period (see Table 1). According to the Chinese government, from 1953 to 1978, real annual GDP growth was estimated at 6. 7%, although many analysts claim that Chinese economic data during this period are highly questionable because government officials often exaggerated production levels for a variety of political reasons. Agnus Maddison estimates China’s average annual real GDP during this period at 4. %. China’s economy suffered economic downturns during the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong, including during the Great Leap Forward from 1958 to 1960 (which led to a massive famine and reportedly the deaths of tens of millions of people) and the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976 (which caused political chaos and greatly disrupted the economy). During the reform period (1979-2011), Chinaâ €™s average annual real GDP grew by 9. 9%. This essentially has meant that, on average China has been able to double the size of its economy in real terms every eight years. The global economic slowdown, which began in 2008, impacted the Chinese economy (especially the export sector). China’s real GDP growth fell from 14. 2% in 2007 to 9. 6% in 2008 to 9. 2% in 2009. In response, the Chinese government implemented a large economic stimulus package and an expansive monetary policy. These measures boosted domestic investment and consumption and helped prevent a sharp economic slowdown in China. In 2010, China’s real GDP grew by 10. 4%, and in 2011 it rose by 9. 2%. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects that China’s real GDP will grow by 7. 8% in 2012. From 2013 to 2017, the IMP projects that China’s real GDP growth will average 8. 5%. Table 1- China’s average annual real GDP growth. Causes of China’s Economic Growth Economists generally attribute much of China’s rapid economic growth to two main factors: large-scale capital investment (financed by large domestic savings and foreign investment) and rapid productivity growth. These two factors appear to have gone together hand in hand. Economic reforms led to higher efficiency in the economy, which boosted output and increased resources for additional investment in the economy. China has historically maintained a high rate of savings. When reforms were initiated in 1979, domestic savings as a percentage of GDP stood at 32%. However, most Chinese savings during this period were generated by the profits of SOEs, which were used by the central government for domestic investment. Economic reforms, which included the decentralization of economic production, led to substantial growth in Chinese household savings as well as corporate savings. As a result, China’s gross savings as a percentage of GDP has steadily risen, reaching 53. 9% in 2010 (compared to a U. S. rate of 9. 3%), and is among the highest savings rates in the world. The large level of savings has enabled China to boost domestic investment. In fact, its gross domestic savings levels far exceed its domestic investment levels, meaning that China is a large net global lender. Several economists have concluded that productivity gains (i. e. , increases in efficiency) have been another major factor in China’s rapid economic growth. The improvements to productivity were caused largely by a reallocation of resources to more productive uses, especially in sectors that were formerly heavily controlled by the central government, such as agriculture, trade, and services. For example, agricultural reforms boosted production, freeing workers to pursue employment in the more productive manufacturing sector. China’s decentralization of the economy led to the rise of non-state enterprises (such as private firms), which tended to pursue more productive activities than the centrally controlled SOEs and were more market-oriented, and hence, more efficient. Additionally, a greater share of the economy (mainly the export sector) was exposed to competitive forces. Local and provincial governments were allowed to establish and operate various enterprises on market principles, without interference from the central government. In addition, FDI in China brought with it new technology and processes that boosted efficiency. As indicated in Figure 2, China has achieved high rates of total factor productivity (TFP) growth relative to the United States. TFP represents an estimate of the part of economic output growth not accounted for by the growth in inputs (such as labor and capital), and is often attributed to the effects of technological change and efficiency gains. China experiences faster TFP growth than most developed countries such as the United States because of its ability to access and utilize existing foreign technology and know-how. High TFP growth rates have been a major factor behind China’s rapid economic growth rate. However, as China’s technological development begins to approach that of major developed countries, its level of productivity gains, and thus, real GDP growth, could slow significantly from its historic 10% average, unless China becomes a major center for new technology and innovation and/or implements new comprehensive economic reforms. As indicated in Figure 3, the EIU currently projects that China’s real GDP growth will slow considerably in the years ahead, averaging 7. 0% from 2012 to 2020, and falling to 3. 7% from 2021 to 2030. The Chinese government has indicated its desire to move away from its current economic model of fast growth at any cost to more â€Å"smart† economic growth, which seeks to reduce reliance on energy-intensive and high-polluting industries and rely more on high technology, green energy, and services. China also has indicated it wants to obtain more balanced economic growth. Measuring the Size of China’s Economy The rapid growth of the Chinese economy has led many analysts to speculate if and when China will overtake the United States as the â€Å"world’s largest economic power. † The â€Å"actual† size of China’s economy has been a subject of extensive debate among economists. Measured in U. S. dollars using nominal exchange rates, China’s GDP in 2011 was $7. 2 trillion, less than half the size of the U. S. economy. The per capita GDP (a common measurement of a country’s living standards) of China was $5,460, which was 12% the size of Japan’s level and 11% that of the United States (see Table 2). Many economists contend that using nominal exchange rates to convert Chinese data (or that of other countries) into U. S. dollars fails to reflect the true size of China’s economy and living standards relative to the United States. Nominal exchange rates simply reflect the prices of foreign currencies vis-a-vis the U. S. dollar and such measurements exclude differences in the prices for goods and services across countries. To illustrate, one U. S. dollar exchanged for local currency in China would buy more goods and services there than it would in the United States. This is because prices for goods and services in China are generally lower than they are in the United States. Conversely, prices for goods and services in Japan are generally higher than they are in the United States (and China). Thus, one dollar exchanged for local Japanese currency would buy fewer goods and services there than it would in the United States. Economists attempt to develop estimates of exchange rates based on their actual purchasing power relative to the dollar in order to make more accurate comparisons of economic data across countries, usually referred to as a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis. The PPP exchange rate increases the (estimated) measurement of China’s economy and its per capita GDP. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, (EIU), which utilizes World Bank data, prices for goods and services in China are 41. 5% the level they are in the United States. Adjusting for this price differential raises the value of China’s 2011 GDP from $7. 2 trillion (nominal dollars) to $11. 4 trillion (on a PPP basis). This would indicate that China’s economy is 76. 0% the size of the U. S. economy. China’s share of global GDP on a PPP basis rose from 3. 7% in 1990 to 14. % in 2011 (the U. S. share of global GDP peaked at 24. 3% in 1999 and declined to 18. 9% in 2011); see Figure 4. Many economic analysts predict that on a PPP basis China will soon overtake the United States as the world’s largest economy. EIU, for example, projects this will occur by 2016, and that by 2030, China’s economy could be 30% larger than that of the United St ates. This would not be the first time in history that China was the world’s largest economy (see text box). The PPP measurement also raises China’s 2011 per capita GDP (from $5,460) to $8,650, which was 17. 9% of the U. S. evel. The EIU projects this level will rise to 34. 3% by 2030. Thus, although China will likely become the world’s largest economy in a few years on a PPP basis, it will likely take many years for its living standards to approach U. S. levels. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China China’s trade and investment reforms and incentives led to a surge in FDI beginning in the early 1990s. Such flows have been a major source of China’s productivity gains and rapid economic and trade growth. There were reportedly 445,244 foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) registered in China in 2010, employing 55. million workers or 15. 9% of the urban workforce. As indicated in Figure 5, FIEs account for a significant share of China’s industrial output. That level rose from 2. 3% in 1990 to a high of 35. 9% in 2003, but fell to 27. 1% by 2010. In addition, FIE’s are responsible for a significant level of China’s foreign trade. In 2011, FIEs in China accounted for 52. 4% of China’s exports and 49. 6% of its imports, although this level was down from its peak in 2006 when FIEs’ share of Chinese exports and imports was 58. 2% and 59. 7%, respectively, as indicated in Figure 6. FIEs in China dominate China’s high technology exports. From 2002 to 2010, the share of China’s high tech exports by FIEs rose from 79% to 82%. During the same period, the share of China’s high tech exports by wholly owned foreign firms (which excludes foreign joint ventures with Chinese firms) rose from 55% to 67%. According to the Chinese government, annual FDI inflows into China grew from $2 billion in 1985 to $108 billion in 2008. Due to the effects of the global economic slowdown, FDI flows to China fell by 12. 2% to $90 billion in 2009. They totaled $106 billion in 2010 and $116 billion in 2011 (see Figure 7). Chinese data for January-October 2012 indicate that FDI fell by 3. 5% on a year-on-year basis; FDI into China will likely total around $112. 1 billion for the full year. Hong Kong was reported as the largest source of FDI flows to China in 2011 (63. 9% of total), followed by Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, and the United States. The cumulative level (or stock) of FDI in China at the end of 2011 is estimated at $1. 2 trillion, making it one of the world’s largest destinations of FDI. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, China was the world’s second-largest destination for FDI flows in 2011, after the United States (see Figure 8). The largest sources of cumulative FDI in China for 1979-2011 were Hong Kong (43. 5% of total), the British Virgin Islands, Japan, the United States, and Taiwan (see Table 3). According to Chinese data, annual U. S. FDI flows to China peaked at $5. 4 billion in 2002 (10. 2% of total FDI in China). In 2011, they were $3. 0 billion or 2. 6% of total FDI (see Figure 9). From January to October 2012, U. S. FDI in China rose by 3. 8% (year-on-year).

African Americans And The Great Depression - 1477 Words

The Great Depression was a tough time for everyone, but it was even worse for African Americans. From 1929 to 1939, the â€Å"Great Depression was deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world,† (The Great Depression). Wiping jobs and companies, the Great Depression effect everyone. African Americans suffered the most because even before the catastrophic event, it was harder for African Americans to find jobs in the U.S (Sustar). Even before the Great Depression African Americans were treated horribly and the Great Depression only made it worse for them to get on with their lives. â€Å"African Americans entered the Depression long before the stock market crash in 1929, and they stayed there longer than most Americans,† (Trotter). The Great depression wasn’t easy for anyone, but it was significantly tougher on African Americans. Even though The Great Depression effect everyone, it effected African Americans more. It was a lot harder for them to find jobs, even before the stock market crash of 1929. â€Å"As cotton prices dropped from eighteen cents per pound on the eve of the Depression to less than six cents per pound in 1933, some 12,000 black sharecroppers lost their precarious footing in southern agriculture and moved increasingly toward southern, northern, and western cities,† (Trotter). As the number of people needing jobs in cities escalated, African Americans faced more difficulties. The unemployment rate for blacks was 50Show MoreRelatedAfrican Americans : A Great Depression1282 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans didn’t know that is was a Great Depression. African Americans have always been poor and knew how to survive. By 1932, approximately half of black Americans were unemployed, blacks always felt unemployed and under paid. Whites attempted to keep blacks out of work by not hiring African Americans. They used racial violence, and discrimination tactics to keep an underprivileged population depressed. Teachers taught in the past it was caused by the stock market crash in 1929, causingRead MoreEssay on African Americans in the Great Depression1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Depression. The worst financial crisis to ever hit America. Unemployment rates of over 25%. A 50% decrease in national income. Billions of dollars lost in a single day. (Trotter, pg.8) The Depression affected everyone in America. Young and old, rich and poor, black and white, none were spared. However, for America’s 12 million African Americans (Encyclopedia of Race and Racism) the Depression didn’t just start in 1929.(Africa to America: From the Middle Passage Through the 1930s) AfricanRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Great Depression1053 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Americans began moving into Chicago in great numbers following the Great Depression. 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This was an exuberantRead MoreHow did the events of the 1930’s impact African Americans prospects?809 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact African Americans prospects? Charlie Wilson The 1930’s was a time of great struggle in the USA. The New York stock market crashed in 1929 and triggered a spiral of economic depression, which hit African Americans hard. The Great Depression had a huge impact on African Americans. The Great Depression of the 1930s was catastrophic for all workers. But as usual, African Americans suffered worse, pushed out of unskilled jobs previously scorned by whites before the depression. African AmericansRead MoreEffects Of Segregation In The 1930s737 Words   |  3 PagesRights Denied to African Americans in the 1930s What is segregation? Segregation is set apart or separation of people or things from others or from the main body or group. (dictionary.com) In the 1930s African Americans did not have the right to vote. The policy of segregation meant that blacks had their own churches, schools, football teams, and even their own cemeteries. The Great Depression also took place in the 1930s. The economic crisis of the 1930s, the Great Depression, is one of the mostRead MoreEffects Of Segregation In The 1930s728 Words   |  3 Pagespeople or things from others or from the main body or group. (dictionary.com) In the 1930s African Americans did not have the right to vote. The policy of segregation meant that blacks had their own churches, schools, football teams, and even their own cemeteries. The Great Depression also took place in the 1930s. The economic crisis of the 1930s, the Great Depression, is one of the most studied periods in American history. Racism was at a high point in the 1930s. The 1930s were a turbulent time forRead MoreGreat Depression Essays1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression is probably one of the most misunderstood events in American history. It is routinely cited, as proof that unregulated capitalism is not the best in the world, and that only a massive welfare state, huge amounts of economic regulation, and other interventions can save capitalism from itself. The Great Depression had important consequences and was a devastating event in America, however many good policies and programs became available as a result of the great depression, someRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance850 Words   |  4 Pagesexpress themselves. The Great Migration was the movement of six million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North during 1916 to 1970. Driven from their homes by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationist laws, many African Americans headed north in search for a better future. Due to the aftermath of World War One , it brought many African Americans into the thriving New York City. Moreover, during the early 1920s the African Americans developed their own cultureRead MoreThe Great Depression And The New Deal1177 Words   |  5 Pagespaper I will be discussing how women, blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans, were impacted by the Depression and the New Deal. I will also be discussing the long-term legacies of the New Deal and the major historical assessments that have been made of the New Deal. I will also be giving my thoughts and views on the assessments that have been made of the New Deal. The New Deal and Minorities The Great Depression was caused by the stock market crash in 1929. This stock market crash